See volitional on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "avolitional"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nonvolitional"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "postvolitional"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "prevolitional"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sensori-volitional"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unvolitional"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "volitionalism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "volitionalist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "volitionality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "volitionally"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*welh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_choose"
],
[
"*weyh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_chase"
],
[
"*welō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/welō"
],
[
"volō",
"volo#Latin:_choose"
],
[
"*-tis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
],
[
"*-Hō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō"
],
[
"*-tiō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tiō"
],
[
"-tiō",
"-tio#Latin"
],
[
"volitiō",
"volitio#Latin"
],
[
"volition",
"volition#French"
],
[
"volition",
"volition#English"
],
[
"*h₂el-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
],
[
"*-is",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
],
[
"*-ālis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#Old_French:_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-el",
"-el#Old_French:_adjective"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#Middle_English:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#English:_adjectival"
],
[
"volition",
"volition#English"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#English:_adjectival"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": ":af",
"3": "volition",
"4": "-al<id:adjectival>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-influ.\nProto-Italic *welō\nLatin volō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin volitiōlbor.\nFrench volitionder.\nEnglish volition\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish volitional\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"choose\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"choose\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*welh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"chase\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*weyh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*welō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"volō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"volitiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"volition\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"volition\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" 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"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "volition",
"4": "-al<id:adjectival>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-influ.\nProto-Italic *welō\nLatin volō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin volitiōlbor.\nFrench volitionder.\nEnglish volition\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish volitional\nFrom volition + -al.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-influ.\nProto-Italic *welō\nLatin volō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin volitiōlbor.\nFrench volitionder.\nEnglish volition\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish volitional\nFrom volition + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more volitional",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most volitional",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "volitional (comparative more volitional, superlative most volitional)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
94,
104
]
],
"ref": "1942, Olaf Stapledon, Darkness and the Light, chapter 5, iii:",
"text": "Little by little the whole subject population of the world was fitted with the instruments of volitional control. The government was now practically omnipotent.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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[
76,
86
]
],
"ref": "1957, Leo Kanner, Child Psychology, 3rd edition, Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, Part Two, Chapter 4, p. 42:",
"text": "Stern and Karl Bühler noticed independently that a child’s first “No” has a volitional meaning and that the significance as a simple denial of fact appears several months afterwards.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the volition or will."
],
"id": "en-volitional-en-adj-ba5wI-0U",
"links": [
[
"volition",
"volition"
],
[
"will",
"will"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(not comparable, formal) Of or relating to the volition or will."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 1 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "volevi",
"sense": "of or relating to the volition or will",
"word": "волеви"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "of or relating to the volition or will",
"word": "akarati"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or relating to the volition or will",
"word": "volitivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or relating to the volition or will",
"word": "volicional"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 45 20 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 75 11 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 27 30 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -al (adjectival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 69 12 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "1 74 10 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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{
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{
"_dis": "6 55 19 10 9",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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{
"_dis": "1 64 16 9 10",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
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{
"_dis": "7 58 15 11 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 53 15 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "2 69 11 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "1 74 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
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"ref": "1922 February 2, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company […], →OCLC:",
"text": "A man of genius makes no mistakes. His errors are volitional and are the portals to discovery.",
"type": "quotation"
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{
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64,
74
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"ref": "2016 July 28, Rebecca Mead, “The Power of ‘Love’ in Politics”, in The New Yorker:",
"text": "“Loving on” someone—whether he likes it or not—posits love as a volitional activity, an act not of passion but of will.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Done by conscious, personal choice; not based on external principles; not accidental."
],
"id": "en-volitional-en-adj-9k9hKRwx",
"links": [
[
"accidental",
"accidental"
]
],
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"(comparable) Done by conscious, personal choice; not based on external principles; not accidental."
],
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{
"_dis1": "1 94 5",
"sense": "done by conscious choice",
"word": "deliberate"
}
],
"tags": [
"comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "done by conscious, personal choice",
"word": "willentlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "done by conscious, personal choice",
"word": "szándékos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "done by conscious, personal choice",
"word": "akaratlagos"
}
]
},
{
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"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
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"source": "w"
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{
"_dis": "5 27 30 20 18",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [],
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}
],
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],
"id": "en-volitional-en-adj-ZE77l~lQ",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"intention",
"intention"
],
[
"hortation",
"hortation"
],
[
"supposition",
"supposition"
],
[
"invitation",
"invitation"
]
],
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"(grammar, not comparable, of an inflectional class or inflected form) Expressing intention, hortation, supposition, or inclusive invitation."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of an inflectional class or inflected form"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "conjectural"
},
{
"word": "hortative"
},
{
"word": "presumptive"
},
{
"word": "tentative"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 4 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "grammar: expressing intention, hortation, supposition, or inclusive invitation",
"word": "volitivo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vəˈlɪʃənəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/vɒˈlɪʃənəl/"
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "voluntary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "intentional"
}
],
"word": "volitional"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*welh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_choose"
],
[
"*weyh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_chase"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/welō"
],
[
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"volo#Latin:_choose"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tiō"
],
[
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"-tio#Latin"
],
[
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"volitio#Latin"
],
[
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"volition#French"
],
[
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"volition#English"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
],
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],
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[
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"-el#Old_French:_adjective"
],
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"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
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"-al#Middle_English:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
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"-al#English:_adjectival"
],
[
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"volition#English"
],
[
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"-al#English:_adjectival"
]
],
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"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-influ.\nProto-Italic *welō\nLatin volō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin volitiōlbor.\nFrench volitionder.\nEnglish volition\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish volitional\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"choose\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"choose\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*welh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"chase\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*weyh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*welō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"volō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"volitiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"volition\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"volition\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"volitional\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"volitional\">\nFrom volition + -al.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "volition",
"4": "-al<id:adjectival>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-influ.\nProto-Italic *welō\nLatin volō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin volitiōlbor.\nFrench volitionder.\nEnglish volition\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish volitional\nFrom volition + -al.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-influ.\nProto-Italic *welō\nLatin volō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin volitiōlbor.\nFrench volitionder.\nEnglish volition\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish volitional\nFrom volition + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "volitionals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "volitional (plural volitionals)",
"name": "en-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grammar"
},
"expansion": "(grammar)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 27 30 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -al (adjectival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The volitional grammatical mood."
],
"id": "en-volitional-en-noun-SB7LngXG",
"links": [
[
"grammatical mood",
"grammatical mood"
]
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "grammar: volitional mood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "volitif"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"alt": "いこうけい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "ikōkei",
"sense": "grammar: volitional mood",
"word": "意向形"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 27 30 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -al (adjectival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A form of a word inflected for the volitional mood; a volitional form."
],
"id": "en-volitional-en-noun-IRL2a4wo",
"links": [
[
"inflected",
"inflected"
],
[
"mood",
"mood"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vəˈlɪʃənəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/vɒˈlɪʃənəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-volitional.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-volitional.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-volitional.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-volitional.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-volitional.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"word": "volitional"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *welh₁-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyh₁-",
"English terms suffixed with -al (adjectival)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Grammar"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "avolitional"
},
{
"word": "nonvolitional"
},
{
"word": "postvolitional"
},
{
"word": "prevolitional"
},
{
"word": "sensori-volitional"
},
{
"word": "unvolitional"
},
{
"word": "volitionalism"
},
{
"word": "volitionalist"
},
{
"word": "volitionality"
},
{
"word": "volitionally"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*welh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_choose"
],
[
"*weyh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_chase"
],
[
"*welō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/welō"
],
[
"volō",
"volo#Latin:_choose"
],
[
"*-tis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
],
[
"*-Hō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō"
],
[
"*-tiō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tiō"
],
[
"-tiō",
"-tio#Latin"
],
[
"volitiō",
"volitio#Latin"
],
[
"volition",
"volition#French"
],
[
"volition",
"volition#English"
],
[
"*h₂el-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
],
[
"*-is",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
],
[
"*-ālis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#Old_French:_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-el",
"-el#Old_French:_adjective"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#Middle_English:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#English:_adjectival"
],
[
"volition",
"volition#English"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#English:_adjectival"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "volition",
"4": "-al<id:adjectival>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-influ.\nProto-Italic *welō\nLatin volō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin volitiōlbor.\nFrench volitionder.\nEnglish volition\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish volitional\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"choose\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"choose\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*welh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"chase\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*weyh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*welō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"volō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"volitiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"volition\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"volition\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"volitional\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"volitional\">\nFrom volition + -al.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "volition",
"4": "-al<id:adjectival>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-influ.\nProto-Italic *welō\nLatin volō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin volitiōlbor.\nFrench volitionder.\nEnglish volition\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish volitional\nFrom volition + -al.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-influ.\nProto-Italic *welō\nLatin volō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin volitiōlbor.\nFrench volitionder.\nEnglish volition\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish volitional\nFrom volition + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more volitional",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most volitional",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "volitional (comparative more volitional, superlative most volitional)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English formal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
94,
104
]
],
"ref": "1942, Olaf Stapledon, Darkness and the Light, chapter 5, iii:",
"text": "Little by little the whole subject population of the world was fitted with the instruments of volitional control. The government was now practically omnipotent.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
76,
86
]
],
"ref": "1957, Leo Kanner, Child Psychology, 3rd edition, Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, Part Two, Chapter 4, p. 42:",
"text": "Stern and Karl Bühler noticed independently that a child’s first “No” has a volitional meaning and that the significance as a simple denial of fact appears several months afterwards.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the volition or will."
],
"links": [
[
"volition",
"volition"
],
[
"will",
"will"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(not comparable, formal) Of or relating to the volition or will."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
60
]
],
"ref": "1922 February 2, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company […], →OCLC:",
"text": "A man of genius makes no mistakes. His errors are volitional and are the portals to discovery.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
64,
74
]
],
"ref": "2016 July 28, Rebecca Mead, “The Power of ‘Love’ in Politics”, in The New Yorker:",
"text": "“Loving on” someone—whether he likes it or not—posits love as a volitional activity, an act not of passion but of will.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Done by conscious, personal choice; not based on external principles; not accidental."
],
"links": [
[
"accidental",
"accidental"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(comparable) Done by conscious, personal choice; not based on external principles; not accidental."
],
"tags": [
"comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Grammar"
],
"glosses": [
"Expressing intention, hortation, supposition, or inclusive invitation."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"intention",
"intention"
],
[
"hortation",
"hortation"
],
[
"supposition",
"supposition"
],
[
"invitation",
"invitation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar, not comparable, of an inflectional class or inflected form) Expressing intention, hortation, supposition, or inclusive invitation."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of an inflectional class or inflected form"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "conjectural"
},
{
"word": "hortative"
},
{
"word": "presumptive"
},
{
"word": "tentative"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vəˈlɪʃənəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/vɒˈlɪʃənəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-volitional.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-volitional.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-volitional.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-volitional.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-volitional.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "done by conscious choice",
"word": "deliberate"
},
{
"word": "voluntary"
},
{
"word": "intentional"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "volevi",
"sense": "of or relating to the volition or will",
"word": "волеви"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "of or relating to the volition or will",
"word": "akarati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or relating to the volition or will",
"word": "volitivo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or relating to the volition or will",
"word": "volicional"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "done by conscious, personal choice",
"word": "willentlich"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "done by conscious, personal choice",
"word": "szándékos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "done by conscious, personal choice",
"word": "akaratlagos"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "grammar: expressing intention, hortation, supposition, or inclusive invitation",
"word": "volitivo"
}
],
"word": "volitional"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *welh₁-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyh₁-",
"English terms suffixed with -al (adjectival)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Grammar"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*welh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_choose"
],
[
"*weyh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_chase"
],
[
"*welō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/welō"
],
[
"volō",
"volo#Latin:_choose"
],
[
"*-tis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
],
[
"*-Hō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō"
],
[
"*-tiō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tiō"
],
[
"-tiō",
"-tio#Latin"
],
[
"volitiō",
"volitio#Latin"
],
[
"volition",
"volition#French"
],
[
"volition",
"volition#English"
],
[
"*h₂el-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
],
[
"*-is",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
],
[
"*-ālis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#Old_French:_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-el",
"-el#Old_French:_adjective"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#Middle_English:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#English:_adjectival"
],
[
"volition",
"volition#English"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#English:_adjectival"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "volition",
"4": "-al<id:adjectival>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-influ.\nProto-Italic *welō\nLatin volō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin volitiōlbor.\nFrench volitionder.\nEnglish volition\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish volitional\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"choose\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"choose\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*welh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"chase\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*weyh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*welō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"volō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"volitiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"volition\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"volition\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"volitional\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"volitional\">\nFrom volition + -al.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "volition",
"4": "-al<id:adjectival>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-influ.\nProto-Italic *welō\nLatin volō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin volitiōlbor.\nFrench volitionder.\nEnglish volition\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish volitional\nFrom volition + -al.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-influ.\nProto-Italic *welō\nLatin volō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin volitiōlbor.\nFrench volitionder.\nEnglish volition\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish volitional\nFrom volition + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "volitionals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "volitional (plural volitionals)",
"name": "en-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grammar"
},
"expansion": "(grammar)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The volitional grammatical mood."
],
"links": [
[
"grammatical mood",
"grammatical mood"
]
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A form of a word inflected for the volitional mood; a volitional form."
],
"links": [
[
"inflected",
"inflected"
],
[
"mood",
"mood"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vəˈlɪʃənəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/vɒˈlɪʃənəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-volitional.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-volitional.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-volitional.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-volitional.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-volitional.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "grammar: volitional mood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "volitif"
},
{
"alt": "いこうけい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "ikōkei",
"sense": "grammar: volitional mood",
"word": "意向形"
}
],
"word": "volitional"
}
Download raw JSONL data for volitional meaning in All languages combined (25.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.